Tun farkon barkewar cutar, gwajin gano cutar ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan yaduwar SARS-CoV-2, kwayar da ke haifar da cutar.CUTAR COVID 19.Gwajin antigen da saurida aka yi a gida ko a wurin asibiti suna ba da sakamako a cikin mintuna 15 ko ƙasa da haka.Da farko an gano mutum, da wuri zai iya neman kulawar likita da ware kansa daga wasu.Amma lokacin da sabbin bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin cuta suka bayyana, waɗannan bambance-bambancen ƙila ba za a iya gano waɗannan bambance-bambancen ta waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba.
Yawancin gwaje-gwajen antigen na gaggawa an tsara su don gano furotin na SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid ko furotin N-protein.Ana samun wannan furotin da yawa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da masu kamuwa da cuta.Kit ɗin gwajin sauris yawanci ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin rigakafi daban-daban guda biyu waɗanda ke ɗaure zuwa sassa daban-daban na furotin N.Lokacin da maganin rigakafi ya ɗaure da furotin N a cikin samfurin, layi mai launi ko wani sigina yana bayyana akan kayan gwajin, yana nuna kamuwa da cuta.
Protein N ya ƙunshi rukunan tsarin amino acid 419.Ana iya maye gurbin kowane ɗayansu da wani amino acid ta maye gurbinsu.Kungiyar bincike karkashin jagorancin Ph.D.Philip Frank da Eric Ortlund na Jami'ar Emory sun tashi don bincika yadda wannan canjin amino acid guda ɗaya ke shafar aikin gwajin antigen cikin sauri.Sun yi amfani da wata dabara da ake kira zurfafa bincike na maye gurbi don tantance lokaci guda yadda kowane maye gurbi a cikin furotin N na kwayar cutar ke shafar haɗin kai ga maganin rigakafi.An buga sakamakonsu a cikin Cell a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2022.
Masu binciken sun ƙirƙiri cikakken ɗakin karatu na kusan maye gurbin furotin N 8,000.Waɗannan bambance-bambancen suna lissafin sama da 99.5% na duk maye gurbi.Sannan sun kimanta yadda kowane bambance-bambancen ke hulɗa tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafi daban-daban guda 17 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen antigen na sauri 11 na kasuwanci, gami da gama gari.kayan gida.
Tawagar ta tantance wane maye gurbi na N-protein ke shafar tantancewar rigakafin mutum.Dangane da wannan bayanin, sun ƙirƙiri “profile maye gurbi” don kowane maganin rigakafi.Wannan bayanin martaba yana gano takamaiman maye gurbi a cikin furotin N wanda zai iya yin tasiri ga ikon antibody don ɗaure ga manufarsa.Binciken ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin saurin gwaje-gwajen yau sun gane da ɗaure duk bambance-bambancen da suka gabata da na yanzu na SARS-CoV-2 na damuwa da damuwa.
Ko da yake wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi da yawa sun gane yanki ɗaya na furotin N, masu binciken sun gano cewa kowane maganin rigakafi yana da sa hannu na musamman na maye gurbi.Yayin da kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 ke ci gaba da canzawa tare da haifar da sabbin bambance-bambancen, ana iya amfani da wannan bayanan don tuta ƙwayoyin rigakafin kayan gwajin da ƙila za a sake tantance su.
"Madaidaici kuma ingantaccen gano mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ya kasance muhimmin dabarun rage COVID-19, kuma bincikenmu yana ba da bayanai kan maye gurbi na SARS-CoV-2 na gaba wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da ganowa," in ji Ortlund."Sakamakon da aka zayyana a nan ya ba mu damar dacewa da wannan kwayar cutar cikin sauri yayin da sabbin bambance-bambancen ke ci gaba da fitowa, suna gabatar da tasirin asibiti da lafiyar jama'a nan da nan."
Bayan Fage: Matsala Deep Scan yana gano maye gurbi a cikin SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid ta amfani da gwaje-gwajen antigen cikin sauri a halin yanzu.Frank F., Kin MM, Rao A., Bassit L., Liu H, Bowers HB, Patel AB, Kato ML, Sullivan JA, Greenleaf M., Piantadosi A., Lam VA, Hudson VH, Ortlund EA cell.2022 Satumba 15; 185 (19): 3603-3616.e13.Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.010.Agusta 29, 2022 PMID: 36084631.
Kudade: Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halittu da Bioengineering NIH (NIBIB), Cibiyar Ciwon sukari ta Kasa, Ciwon Jiki da Ciwon Koda (NIDDK) da Cibiyar Harkokin Allergy da Cututtuka (NIAID), Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amirka.
NIH Abubuwan Bincike shine sabuntawa na mako-mako na mahimman binciken NIH wanda masana NIH suka sake dubawa.Ofishin Sadarwa da Hulda da Jama’a na Daraktan Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa ne ya buga shi.